Blargh! Things that I work on

Fix time sync

net stop w32time

w32tm /unregister

w32tm /register

net start w32time

net time /setsntp:time.windows.com

w32tm /config /syncfromflags:MANUAL /manualpeerlist:time.windows.com,0x8

w32tm /resync /rediscover

LVM partition resize

1.      Create a snapshot of the virtual disk.  This snapshot can be used to restore the original configuration in the event that something goes wrong.

2.      As in the first example, the operating system still sees the virtual disk as 10 GB.

 

[root@lvm ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          16      128488+  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              17        1305    10353892+  8e  Linux LVM

[root@lvm ~]#

 

3.      Reboot the system.

 

[root@lvm ~]# shutdown -fr now

 

Broadcast message from root (pts/0) (Fri Oct 29 15:19:22 2010):

 

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

[root@lvm ~]#

 

4.      Verify that the system sees the resized virtual disk.

 

[root@lvm ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          16      128488+  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              17        1305    10353892+  8e  Linux LVM

[root@lvm ~]#

 

 

 

5.      This system uses the Logical Volume Manager (LVM) to manage its swap space and most of its filesystems (there is a small boot partition that must exist outside of LVM due to technical limitations).

 

[root@lvm ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          16      128488+  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              17        1305    10353892+  8e  Linux LVM

[root@lvm ~]#

 

 

[root@lvm ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv

3.8G  435M  3.2G  13% /

/dev/mapper/rootvg-varlv

992M   76M  866M   8% /var

/dev/mapper/rootvg-usrlv

3.9G  908M  2.8G  25% /usr

/dev/sda1             122M   19M   97M  17% /boot

tmpfs                 250M     0  250M   0% /dev/shm

[root@lvm ~]#

 

 

[root@lvm ~]# swapon -s

Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority

/dev/mapper/rootvg-swaplv               partition       1048568 0       -1

[root@lvm ~]#

 

6.      The first step is to increase the size of the LVM partition, so that LVM will have access to the additional space on the disk.  This is similar to expanding the root partition in the other examples.

 

[root@lvm ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

 

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problems with:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          16      128488+  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              17        1305    10353892+  8e  Linux LVM

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-4): 2

 

 

 

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (17-2610, default 17): (enter)

Using default value 17

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (17-2610, default 2610): (enter)

Using default value 2610

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          16      128488+  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              17        2610    20836305   83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 2

Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e

Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

 

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          16      128488+  83  Linux

/dev/sda2              17        2610    20836305   8e  Linux LVM

 

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

 

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the next reboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@lvm ~]#

 

7.      Reboot the system to force the Linux kernel to re-read the partition table.

 

[root@lvm ~]# shutdown -fr now

 

Broadcast message from root (pts/0) (Fri Oct 29 15:35:50 2010):

 

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

[root@lvm ~]#

 

 

 

8.      The LVM partition is visible to LVM through an object called a “physical volume” (PV), which is broken up into chunks called “physical extents” (PE).  A physical volume is roughly analogous to a physical hard drive, a virtual disk on a VM, or a LUN on a SAN device.  Physical extents are an allocation unit similar to disk blocks, sectors, or cylinders.  Note that the physical volume corresponding to the LVM partition is still listed as 10 GB, and that it has no free physical extents.

 

[root@lvm ~]# pvdisplay

/dev/hdc: open failed: No medium found

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name               /dev/sda2

VG Name               rootvg

PV Size               9.87 GB / not usable 31.22 MB

Allocatable           yes (but full)

PE Size (KByte)       32768

Total PE              315

Free PE               0

Allocated PE          315

PV UUID               PAhkcj-CclU-4SVB-jODE-hSqp-vqlf-rnbxyA

 

[root@lvm ~]#

 

9.      Expand the physical volume.

 

[root@lvm ~]# pvresize /dev/sda2

/dev/hdc: open failed: No medium found

Physical volume "/dev/sda2" changed

1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized

[root@lvm ~]#

 

10.  Verify that the physical volume has been resized, and that it has free PE.

 

[root@lvm ~]# pvdisplay

/dev/hdc: open failed: No medium found

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name               /dev/sda2

VG Name               rootvg

PV Size               19.87 GB / not usable 27.77 MB

Allocatable           yes

PE Size (KByte)       32768

Total PE              635

Free PE               320

Allocated PE          315

PV UUID               PAhkcj-CclU-4SVB-jODE-hSqp-vqlf-rnbxyA

 

[root@lvm ~]#

 

 

 

11.  The root filesystem exists on a logical volume (LV).  A logical volume is similar to a partition.  The name of the logical volume for the root partition can be obtained by looking at /etc/fstab.

 

[root@lvm ~]# cat /etc/fstab

/dev/rootvg/rootlv      /                       ext3    defaults        1 1

/dev/rootvg/varlv       /var                    ext3    defaults        1 2

/dev/rootvg/usrlv       /usr                    ext3    defaults        1 2

LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

/dev/rootvg/swaplv      swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

[root@lvm ~]#

 

12.  Note the current size of the logical volume.

 

[root@lvm ~]# lvdisplay /dev/rootvg/rootlv

/dev/hdc: open failed: No medium found

--- Logical volume ---

LV Name                /dev/rootvg/rootlv

VG Name                rootvg

LV UUID                sv0zI0-RuTf-fm2I-JZdR-vYMg-kZdz-dzHbJN

LV Write Access        read/write

LV Status              available

# open                 1

LV Size                3.84 GB

Current LE             123

Segments               1

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:0

 

[root@lvm ~]#

 

13.  Expand the logical volume.

[root@lvm ~]# lvresize -l +100%FREE /dev/rootvg/rootlv

/dev/hdc: open failed: No medium found

Extending logical volume rootlv to 13.84 GB

Logical volume rootlv successfully resized

[root@lvm ~]#

 

 

 

14.  Verify that the logical volume has been expanded.

 

[root@lvm ~]# lvdisplay /dev/rootvg/rootlv

/dev/hdc: open failed: No medium found

--- Logical volume ---

LV Name                /dev/rootvg/rootlv

VG Name                rootvg

LV UUID                sv0zI0-RuTf-fm2I-JZdR-vYMg-kZdz-dzHbJN

LV Write Access        read/write

LV Status              available

# open                 1

LV Size                13.84 GB

Current LE             443

Segments               2

Allocation             inherit

Read ahead sectors     auto

- currently set to     256

Block device           253:0

 

[root@lvm ~]#

 

15.  When doing an online resize of the root filesystem, use the name of the logical volume.

 

[root@lvm ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv

resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem at /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv to 3629056 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/mapper/rootvg-rootlv is now 3629056 blocks long.

 

USE master
GO
IF OBJECT_ID ('sp_hexadecimal') IS NOT NULL
  DROP PROCEDURE sp_hexadecimal
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_hexadecimal
    @binvalue varbinary(256),
    @hexvalue varchar (514) OUTPUT
AS
DECLARE @charvalue varchar (514)
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @length int
DECLARE @hexstring char(16)
SELECT @charvalue = '0x'
SELECT @i = 1
SELECT @length = DATALENGTH (@binvalue)
SELECT @hexstring = '0123456789ABCDEF'
WHILE (@i <= @length)
BEGIN
  DECLARE @tempint int
  DECLARE @firstint int
  DECLARE @secondint int
  SELECT @tempint = CONVERT(int, SUBSTRING(@binvalue,@i,1))
  SELECT @firstint = FLOOR(@tempint/16)
  SELECT @secondint = @tempint - (@firstint*16)
  SELECT @charvalue = @charvalue +
    SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @firstint+1, 1) +
    SUBSTRING(@hexstring, @secondint+1, 1)
  SELECT @i = @i + 1
END

SELECT @hexvalue = @charvalue
GO

IF OBJECT_ID ('sp_help_revlogin') IS NOT NULL
  DROP PROCEDURE sp_help_revlogin
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_help_revlogin @login_name sysname = NULL AS
DECLARE @name sysname
DECLARE @type varchar (1)
DECLARE @hasaccess int
DECLARE @denylogin int
DECLARE @is_disabled int
DECLARE @PWD_varbinary  varbinary (256)
DECLARE @PWD_string  varchar (514)
DECLARE @SID_varbinary varbinary (85)
DECLARE @SID_string varchar (514)
DECLARE @tmpstr  varchar (1024)
DECLARE @is_policy_checked varchar (3)
DECLARE @is_expiration_checked varchar (3)

DECLARE @defaultdb sysname

IF (@login_name IS NULL)
  DECLARE login_curs CURSOR FOR

      SELECT p.sid, p.name, p.type, p.is_disabled, p.default_database_name, l.hasaccess, l.denylogin FROM
sys.server_principals p LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l
      ON ( l.name = p.name ) WHERE p.type IN ( 'S', 'G', 'U' ) AND p.name <> 'sa'
ELSE
  DECLARE login_curs CURSOR FOR

      SELECT p.sid, p.name, p.type, p.is_disabled, p.default_database_name, l.hasaccess, l.denylogin FROM
sys.server_principals p LEFT JOIN sys.syslogins l
      ON ( l.name = p.name ) WHERE p.type IN ( 'S', 'G', 'U' ) AND p.name = @login_name
OPEN login_curs

FETCH NEXT FROM login_curs INTO @SID_varbinary, @name, @type, @is_disabled, @defaultdb, @hasaccess, @denylogin
IF (@@fetch_status = -1)
BEGIN
  PRINT 'No login(s) found.'
  CLOSE login_curs
  DEALLOCATE login_curs
  RETURN -1
END
SET @tmpstr = '/* sp_help_revlogin script '
PRINT @tmpstr
SET @tmpstr = '** Generated ' + CONVERT (varchar, GETDATE()) + ' on ' + @@SERVERNAME + ' */'
PRINT @tmpstr
PRINT ''
WHILE (@@fetch_status <> -1)
BEGIN
  IF (@@fetch_status <> -2)
  BEGIN
    PRINT ''
    SET @tmpstr = '-- Login: ' + @name
    PRINT @tmpstr
    IF (@type IN ( 'G', 'U'))
    BEGIN -- NT authenticated account/group

      SET @tmpstr = 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' FROM WINDOWS WITH DEFAULT_DATABASE = [' + @defaultdb + ']'
    END
    ELSE BEGIN -- SQL Server authentication
        -- obtain password and sid
            SET @PWD_varbinary = CAST( LOGINPROPERTY( @name, 'PasswordHash' ) AS varbinary (256) )
        EXEC sp_hexadecimal @PWD_varbinary, @PWD_string OUT
        EXEC sp_hexadecimal @SID_varbinary,@SID_string OUT

        -- obtain password policy state
        SELECT @is_policy_checked = CASE is_policy_checked WHEN 1 THEN 'ON' WHEN 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE NULL END FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name = @name
        SELECT @is_expiration_checked = CASE is_expiration_checked WHEN 1 THEN 'ON' WHEN 0 THEN 'OFF' ELSE NULL END FROM sys.sql_logins WHERE name = @name

            SET @tmpstr = 'CREATE LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' WITH PASSWORD = ' + @PWD_string + ' HASHED, SID = ' + @SID_string + ', DEFAULT_DATABASE = [' + @defaultdb + ']'

        IF ( @is_policy_checked IS NOT NULL )
        BEGIN
          SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + ', CHECK_POLICY = ' + @is_policy_checked
        END
        IF ( @is_expiration_checked IS NOT NULL )
        BEGIN
          SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + ', CHECK_EXPIRATION = ' + @is_expiration_checked
        END
    END
    IF (@denylogin = 1)
    BEGIN -- login is denied access
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; DENY CONNECT SQL TO ' + QUOTENAME( @name )
    END
    ELSE IF (@hasaccess = 0)
    BEGIN -- login exists but does not have access
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; REVOKE CONNECT SQL TO ' + QUOTENAME( @name )
    END
    IF (@is_disabled = 1)
    BEGIN -- login is disabled
      SET @tmpstr = @tmpstr + '; ALTER LOGIN ' + QUOTENAME( @name ) + ' DISABLE'
    END
    PRINT @tmpstr
  END

  FETCH NEXT FROM login_curs INTO @SID_varbinary, @name, @type, @is_disabled, @defaultdb, @hasaccess, @denylogin
   END
CLOSE login_curs
DEALLOCATE login_curs
RETURN 0
GO